Thursday, April 2, 2015
Dar para + (eu / voce / a Maria ) + portuguese verb
Ran into this construction today in my studies.
Dar + para = to be able to (or a form of it).
Instead of straight copying another blog, I'll just save myself the effort and link to a great write up on how to use this construction.
Sunday, March 22, 2015
Conjugation App - Verb Trainer Portuguese
App screenshots:
Saturday, February 7, 2015
Sunday, February 1, 2015
Auxiliary Verbs and Participles
Lets chat about auxiliary verbs and participles
Auxiliary verbs and participles are used together to form compound verbs. A good basic explanation can be found at Learning Portuguese. Examples in English are:
Auxiliary verb / participle
I was eating yesterday when my mom called
I had been running all day
I had taken the test at the point
It is noteworthy to mention that we use compound verb forms in colloquial English much more than Portuguese speakers do. When mentally trying to translate, I often try to force a phrase into a compound form when an imperfect / preterite substitute would work.
O.K. Now lets break this stuff down.
What is a participle? Participles are comprised of gerunds (present participles) and past participles. Gerunds are formed by replacing the "r" in any verb with "-ndo". The equivalent in English is adding "ing" to a verb.
Falar "to speak" --> Falando "speaking"
Fazer "to do" --> Fazendo "doing"
Ir "to go" --> Indo "going"
The gerund in Portuguese is typically used with the present and imperfect form of estar to form the continuous and past continuous tenses. The gerund is also frequently used with the verb "Ir" (and a few other Examples:
Continuous present tense --> Estou esperando a reposta dela --> I'm waiting for her answer"
Past continuous tense --> Ele estava assistindo televisão quando eu cheguei --> He was watching television when I arrived ***see my awesome rules of preterite / imperfect usage***
Example with "Ir" + gerund --> Pode ir fazendo as malas que nós vamas viajar --> You can keep packing the bags because we're going on a trip
Note that unlike English, the gerund (present participle) is NOT used as an adjective. Ex: "hiking boots" --> "botas para caminhar"
MOST part participles are formed by replacing the final "ar" / "er" / "ir" of a verb with "ado" / "ido" / "ido" respectively (-"er" / -"ir" endings are treated the same).
Falar "to speak" --> falado "spoken"
Comer "to eat" --> comido "eaten"
Decidir "to decide" --> decidido "decided"
Past participles are more tricky than gerunds, for a few reasons:
1. Past participles CAN be used as adjectives. Example:
Um relógio quebrado --> A broken watch
Casas alugadas --> Rented houses
Apartamentos construídos --> Built apartments
2. Verbs can have more than one participle, which is dependent on the auxiliary verb used:
The basic rule is that when the auxiliary verb used is either "ter" or "haver", you use the regular past participle. When the auxiliary verb is "ester", "ser", or "ficar", the irregular form is used (if the verb has both a regular and irregular past participle) (more on auxiliary verbs in a moment).
Examples of the auxiliary verb determining the participle (using the verb "acender"):
Ela tinha acendido as luzes --> She had turned the lights on
As luzes estavam acesas --> The lights were on
Verb | Past Participle Regular | Past Participle Irregular | Translation |
Aceitar | Aceitado | Aceite | Accepted |
Acender | Acendido | Aceso | Switched on |
Eleger | Elegido | Eleito | Elected |
Emergir | Emergido | Emerso | Immersed |
Entregar | Entregado | Entregue | Delivered / Handed over |
Envolver | Envolvido | Envolto | Involved Wrapped |
Expulsar | Expulsado | Expulso | Expelled |
Exprimir | Exprimido | Expresso | Expressed |
Extinguir | Extinguido | Extinto | Extinguished |
Imprimir | Imprimido | Impresso | Printed |
Isentar | Isentado | Isento | Exempted |
Matar | Matado | Morto | Killed |
Morrer | Morrido | Morto | Dead |
Prender | Prendido | Preso | Arrested |
Romper | Rompido | Roto | Torn |
Salvar | Salvado | Salvo | Saved |
Secar | Secado | Seco | Dried |
Soltar | Soltado | Solto | Released |
Suspender | Suspendido | Suspenso | Suspended |
3. Some verbs are irregular (I love to memorize!!!!). (see the table above)
4. Past participles are regularly used to form a passive voice.
5. Past participles must have gender/number agreement
There are five main auxiliary verbs that are used in Brazilian Portuguese:
1. Haver - to have
4. Estar - to be (impermanent) - participle must agree in gender and plurality with object of sentence
Wednesday, January 21, 2015
Portuguese Word Frequency - Top 5000 Words
Tuesday, January 6, 2015
Que or Qual
Googled this question this morning. I enjoyed this post:
“O que” and “Qual” mean “What” and “Which”, respectively. These two Interrogative Pronouns are very easy but at the same time they are very confusing topics for Portuguese for foreigners’ students, because the rule is different in each language.
In order to help foreign people that want to learn Portuguese, here goes a cool tip:
- “O que” is used in general questions, when you don’t have options for the answer.
Ex: O que você vai fazer hoje à noite? (You can do anything you want)
O que é isso? (It can be anything)
PS: If there’s “o que” after a verb, you can use “o que” (more common, in this case) or “que”. If there’s a noun after the Interrogative Pronoun, you only can use “que”.
Ex: Que você vai fazer hoje à noite? or O que você vai fazer hoje à noite?
O que é isso? Ou Que é isso?
However,
Que barulho é esse? But no, O que barulho é esse? because ‘noise’ (barulho) is a noun.
- “Qual” is used in questions with answers that belong to groups.
Ex: Qual é seu nome? (group of names)
Qual é sua nacionalidade? (group of nationalities)
Qual é seu lugar favorito (group of places)
Qual é a melhor? (group of the best ones)
…
Attention: We also use “Qual” in the structure for questions:
“Qual dos/das” + number + complement?
Ex: Qual dos dois irmãos é médico?
Qual das quatro canetas é sua?
It’s not difficult, is it?
If you have an idea about a subject for our next post, write to Mundo Brasil!
http://cursomundobrasil.com/when-to-use-o-que-and-qual-2/